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A tactical shooter is a subgenre of shooter game that includes both first-person shooters and third-person shooters. These games simulate realistic combat, thus making tactics and caution more important than quick reflexes in other action games. Tactical shooters involving military combat are sometimes known as "soldier sims".〔IGN Staff (Operation Flashpoint Goes to War ) ''IGN'' (Dec 14, 2001) Retrieved on Feb 7, 2008〕〔Adams, David (America's Army Linked Up ) ''IGN'', (Feb 9, 2006) Retrieved on Feb 7, 2008〕 ==Game design== According to IGN, tactical shooters "are about caution, care, cooperation, coordination, planning, and pacing. In those games, making decisive pushes, quick moves for cover, strategic retreats, and last ditch grabs at the gold are not only important to success, but balanced in such a way that they become enjoyable activities in play." Tactical shooters are designed for realism.〔 It is not unusual for players to be killed with a single bullet,〔 and thus players must be more cautious than in other shooter games. The emphasis is on realistic modeling of weapons,〔 and power-ups are often more limited than in other action games. This restrains the individual heroism seen in other shooter games, and thus tactics become more important.〔Fudge, James, (Rainbow Six 3 to GameCube (GCN) ) ''GameSpy'' (April 8, 2004), Retrieved on Feb 7, 2008〕〔Tamte, Peter (Close Combat: First to Fight – Vol #3 (PC) ) ''GameSpy'' (Nov. 4, 2004) Retrieved on Feb 7, 2008〕〔(Special Forces Pack Released ) ''IGN'' (Feb 20, 2003) Retrieved on Feb 7, 2008〕 Overall, the style of play is typically slower than other action games.〔 Jumping techniques are sometimes de-emphasized in order to promote realism, with some games going so far as to omit a jump button. In contrast to games that emphasize running and shooting, tactical shooters require more caution and patience (making use of cover and avoiding being caught in the open), plus tactical shooters are usually designed so that shooting becomes inaccurate while running which increasing accuracy for crouching or prone stances. Players often have the choice of shooting from the hip ("hippie") which is less accurate but gives a wider view of the area, or using the scope/iron sights for better zoom-in accuracy but at the penalty of restricted view. Some tactical shooters even lack the crosshair seen in other first-person shooters, in order to achieve a high degree of realism. Many tactical shooters make use of group-based combat, where the player character is supported by other teammates. While early tactical shooters had simple computer-controlled teammates who offered support fire, the artificial intelligence in later games has evolved with more complex teammate responses such as cover-fire mechanics. In games with a sufficiently robust artificial intelligence, the player character is able to issue commands to other computer-controlled characters. Some games in the genre allow players to plan their team's movements before a mission, which the artificial intelligence then follows.〔 Many games also offer a multiplayer online play, allowing human players to strategize. Team-based tactics are emphasized more than other shooter games, and thus accurate aiming and quick reflexes are not always sufficient for victory. The level design usually reflects the game's setting. For example, the player may play the role of SWAT police fighting terrorists or other criminals,〔 or may engage in military combat in real world conflicts as either battlefield soldiers or special forces commandos.〔 Some games take place in entirely fictional universes, and incorporate elements of science fiction.〔 Each level will have different objectives. Although some levels may simply require that the player defeat their enemy, other levels may challenge the player with objectives such as escorting a VIP safely to a specific location or planting a demolition charge on a target.〔 Levels are often designed with check points or alternate routes. As "run and gun" assaults are often met with heavy resistance, it becomes important to exploit a superior position and/or take the enemy by surprise and even evading them entirely.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「tactical shooter」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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